0001104659-21-142700 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
Revenues	$ 132,333	$ 90,100	$ 54,385
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues	80,620	61,406	47,426
Research and development	69,072	43,006	35,683
Selling, general and administrative	135,901	103,267	80,126
Change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnity holdback	(534)
Litigation settlement		22,500
Total operating expenses	285,059	230,179	163,235
Loss from operations	(152,726)	(140,079)	(108,850)
Interest income	435	1,499	3,032
Interest expense	(367)	(787)	(1,294)
Other income (expense), net	(1,370)	(182)	(265)
Loss before income taxes	(154,028)	(139,549)	(107,377)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes	1,930	(382)	(292)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	(152,098)	(139,931)	(107,669)
Other comprehensive loss:
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments	(14)	(34)	49
Foreign currency translation adjustment	473	(60)	45
Comprehensive loss	$ (151,639)	$ (140,025)	$ (107,575)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders-basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (3.15)	$ (3.57)	$ (3.92)
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	48,251	39,190	27,462

Business acquisition

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Business acquisition

Business acquisition

15.	Business acquisition

On June 14, 2021, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of iGenomX International Genomics Corporation (iGenomX). iGenomX offers multiplex library preparation tools for next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflows. The Company’s acquisition is expected to enhance its capabilities to support multiplex sequencing preparations across multiple markets and to accelerate the Company’s conversion of customers from static microarray platforms to genotyping by sequencing workflows.

The acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred for iGenomX was approximately $27.3 million consisting of a combination of cash totaling $0.5 million and 237,409 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $26.8 million based on the Company’s closing stock price on June 14, 2021 and contingent consideration of up to 48,478 shares valued at $5.5 million based on the Company’s closing stock price on June 14, 2021 and indemnity holdback of up to 43,662 shares valued at $4.9 million based on the Company’s closing stock price on June 14, 2021. The contingent consideration is subject to the completion of certain transition milestones, which are expected to be entirely satisfied. The contingent consideration becomes payable between six and twelve months from the acquisition date and will be settled in shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to completion of the transition milestones. The Company maintains an indemnity holdback for the purposes of providing security against any adjustment to the amounts at closing. The indemnity holdback period extends for 18 months from the anniversary of the closing date.

This acquisition has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with the business combination guidance in FASB ASC 805. Under the acquisition accounting method, the total estimated purchase price was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed has been recorded as goodwill. Management’s estimate of the fair values of the acquired intangible assets at June 14, 2021 is preliminary and subject to change and is based on established and accepted valuation techniques performed with the assistance of third-party valuation specialists. Additional information, which existed as of the acquisition date but is yet unknown to the Company, may become known to the Company during the remainder of the measurement period, which will not exceed twelve months from the acquisition date. Changes to amounts will be recorded as adjustments to the provisional amounts recognized as of the acquisition date and may result in a corresponding adjustment to goodwill in the period in which new information becomes available. The goodwill that arose from the acquisition consists of synergies expected from integrating iGenomX into the Company’s operations and customer base. The goodwill recognized is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill acquired from the iGenomX transaction was assigned to the Company’s only reportable and operating segment business activity, which is manufacturing of synthetic DNA using its semiconductor-based silicon platform.

The estimated fair value of the consideration as of the acquisition date was approximately $37.7 million.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date, as well as the purchase consideration:


(in thousands)	June 14, 2021
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7
Accounts receivable		37
Inventories		14
Intangible assets		18,410
Goodwill		21,538
Liabilities assumed
Accounts payable		57
Accrued expenses		44
Deferred tax liability		2,252
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed	$	37,653

Consideration transferred
Cash	$	490
Company common stock		26,772
Contingent consideration		5,467
Indemnity holdback		4,924
Fair value of purchase consideration	$	37,653

The following table summarizes the preliminary estimate of the intangible assets as of the acquisition date:


	Estimated
	Weighted
	Average
	Useful Lives	Estimated Fair
(in thousands, except for years)	in Years	Value
Developed technology	17	$	17,900
Customer relationships	1.5		510
Estimated fair value of acquired intangible assets		$	18,410

The Company estimated the fair value of the developed technology intangible asset using a discounted cash flow model. Significant judgment was exercised in determining the fair value of the developed technology intangible assets acquired, which included estimates and assumptions related to the projected revenues (specifically volume of sales), discount rate, and technology obsolescence curve. The Company estimated the fair value of the customer relationships intangible asset using a cost approach. These fair value measurements were based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent a Level 3 measurement. Key assumptions include the level and timing of expected future cash flows, conditions and demands specific to each intangible asset over its remaining useful life, and discount rates, the Company believes to be consistent with the inherent risks associated with each type of asset, which was approximately 8.5%. The fair value of these intangible assets is primarily affected by the projected revenues, gross margins, operating expenses, the technology obsolescence curve, and the anticipated timing of the projected income associated with each intangible asset coupled with the discount rates used to derive their estimated present values. The Company believes the level and timing of expected future cash flows appropriately reflects market participant assumptions.

The Company has included the financial results of iGenomX in its consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition, which were not material. The Company incurred transaction costs related to the acquisition of $0.8 million, which were recognized as an expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended September 30, 2021.

The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration and indemnity holdback decreased from $10.4 million as of June 14, 2021 to $9.9 million as of September 30, 2021. For the year ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized a gain of $0.5 million as change in fair value of acquisition consideration in its consolidated statement of operations due to the change in fair value of such liabilities, as a result of the change in the Company’s stock price as of September 30, 2021.

The post-combination effect from net deferred tax liability assumed from the iGenomX acquisition also caused a release of the Company’s income tax valuation allowance. The release resulted in an income tax benefit of $2.0 million.

The following pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations for the Company and iGenomX as if the iGenomX acquisition had occurred on October 1, 2019. The pro forma financial information has been prepared for comparative purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of the actual operating results that would have been recorded had the iGenomX acquisition actually taken place on October 1, 2019 and should not be taken as indicative of future consolidated operating results. Additionally, the pro forma financial results do not include any anticipated synergies or other expected benefits from the iGenomX acquisition.


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Revenues	$	132,599	$	90,650
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		(153,007)		(141,054)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Finite Lived Intangible Assets Future Amortization Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Goodwill and intangible assets
2022	$ 1,593
2023	1,138
2024	1,053
2025	1,053
2026	1,053
Thereafter	12,372
Net book value	$ 18,262	$ 307

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets Balances (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 19,650	$ 1,240
Accumulated amortization	(1,388)	(933)
Net book value	$ 18,262	$ 307
Developed Technology
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Weighted Average Useful Lives in Years	16 years	6 years
Gross carrying amount	$ 19,120	$ 1,220
Accumulated amortization	(1,361)	(913)
Net book value	$ 17,759	$ 307
Tradenames & Trademarks
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Weighted Average Useful Lives in Years	2 years	2 years
Gross carrying amount	$ 20	$ 20
Accumulated amortization	$ (20)	$ (20)
Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Weighted Average Useful Lives in Years	1 year 6 months
Gross carrying amount	$ 510
Accumulated amortization	(7)
Net book value	$ 503

Fair Value Measurement - Cash And Cash Equivalents And Available For Sale Securities At Fair Value (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Fair value measurement
Cash And Cash Equivalents At Amortized Cost	$ 465,829	$ 93,667
Available-for-sale Securities, Amortized Cost Basis	12,033	196,320
Cash And Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments Amortized Cost	477,862	289,987
Available-for-sale Securities, Gross Unrealized Gain	1	15
Available for sale Securities Gross Unrealized Gain Loss	1	15
Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value	465,829	93,667
Short-term Investments	12,034	196,335
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-term Investments	$ 477,863	$ 290,002

Stock option plan (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Stock option plan

Schedule of activity under the equity incentive plans

Activity under the equity incentive plans during the year ended September 30, 2021 is as follows:


					Weighted
			Weighted		average
			average		remaining
			exercise		contractual	Aggregate
	Shares	Options	price		term	intrinsic
(In thousands, except per share data)	available	outstanding	per share		(years)	value
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	1,034	3,913	$	24.35	8.1	$	204,365
Additional shares authorized	1,000	—		—
Stock options granted	(175)	175		69.03
Stock options exercised	—	(805)		18.05
Stock options forfeited	151	(151)		39.25
Restricted stock units granted	(436)	—		—
Forfeiture of restricted stock units	61	—		—
Shares withheld for payment of taxes	93	—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2021	1,728	3,132	$	27.15	7.3	$	251,343
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2021		3,132	$	27.15	7.3	$	251,343
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2021		1,633	$	18.05	6.6	$	145,204

Schedule of share-based compensation, employee stock purchase plan, activity


		Shares
(In thousands)		available
Outstanding at September 30, 2020		179
Additional shares authorized		250
Shares issued during the period		(74)
Outstanding at September 30, 2021		355

Schedule of nonvested restricted stock units activity

Activity with respect to the Company’s restricted stock units during the year ended September 30, 2021 is as follows:


		Weighted
		average		Weighted
		grant		average
		date fair		remaining	Aggregate
	Number	value per		contractual	Intrinsic
(in thousands, except per share data)	of Shares	share		term (years)	Value
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	569	$	32.96	3.2	$	43,260
Restricted stock units granted	436	$	113.06	—		—
Restricted stock units vested	(237)	$	44.36	—		—
Restricted stock units forfeited	(61)	$	86.60	—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2021	707	$	73.86	2.7	$	75,629
Expected to vest at September 30, 2021	707	$	73.86	2.7	$	75,629

Schedule of stock-based compensation expenses

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized were as follows:


	Year ended
	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Cost of revenues	$	2,678	$	1,290	$	1,345
Research and development		10,166		3,346		2,378
Selling, general and administrative		24,154		12,460		7,447
Total stock-based compensation	$	36,998	$	17,096	$	11,170

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of options granted during the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were calculated using the weighted average assumptions set forth below:


	Year ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020		2019
Expected term (years)	6.1		6.2		6.4
Expected volatility	64.4	%	62.1	%	60.2	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.0	%	1.3	%	2.7	%
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%	—	%

Fair Value Measurement - Summary of Company's Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Assets
Total financial assets	$ 442,472	$ 269,748
Liabilities
Total financial liabilities	9,856
Commercial Paper [Member]
Assets
Total financial assets		94,840
US Government Treasury Bills [Member]
Assets
Total financial assets	12,034	101,495
Contingent consideration and indemnity holdback
Liabilities
Total financial liabilities	9,856
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Assets
Total financial assets	442,472	174,908
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| US Government Treasury Bills [Member]
Assets
Total financial assets	12,034	101,495
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Assets
Total financial assets		94,840
Liabilities
Total financial liabilities	9,856
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Commercial Paper [Member]
Assets
Total financial assets		94,840
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Contingent consideration and indemnity holdback
Liabilities
Total financial liabilities	9,856
Money Market Funds [Member]
Assets
Total financial assets	430,438	73,413
Money Market Funds [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Assets
Total financial assets	$ 430,438	$ 73,413

Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] Preferred Stock [Member]	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] Preferred Stock [Member]	Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] Preferred Stock [Member]	Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Series D Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] Preferred Stock [Member]	Series D Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]	Accumulated deficit [Member]	Total
Beginning Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 9,141		$ 25,900		$ 36,726		$ 218,716			$ 9,346	$ 87	$ (210,855)	$ (201,422)
Beginning Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2018		2,818		3,316		2,491		10,326	3,206
Issuance of common stock in public offerings, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses										153,852			153,852
Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, shares									10,063
Vesting of restricted stock units									8
Issuance of shares under the employee stock purchase plan										2,700			2,700
Issuance of shares under the employee stock purchase plan, shares									219
Exercise of stock options										2,264			2,264
Exercise of stock options, shares									331
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to equity										631			631
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock	$ (9,141)		$ (25,900)		$ (36,726)		$ (218,716)			290,462			290,462
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock, shares		(2,818)		(3,316)		(2,491)		(10,326)	18,951
Stock-based compensation										11,170			11,170
Net exercise of stock warrants		95
Other comprehensive income											94		94
Net loss												(107,669)	(107,669)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2019										470,425	181	(318,524)	152,082
Ending Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2019									32,873
Issuance of common stock in public offerings, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses										295,563			295,563
Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, shares									11,064
Vesting of restricted stock units									178
Issuance of shares under the employee stock purchase plan										3,428			3,428
Issuance of shares under the employee stock purchase plan, shares									126
Exercise of stock options										10,539			10,539
Exercise of stock options, shares									915
Repurchases of early exercised stock options, shares									(2)
Stock-based compensation										17,096			17,096
Other comprehensive income											(94)		(94)
Repurchases of common stock for income tax withholding										(2,421)			(2,421)
Repurchases of common stock for income tax withholding, shares									(71)
Net loss												(139,931)	(139,931)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2020										794,630	87	(458,455)	336,262
Ending Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2020									45,083
Issuance of common stock in public offerings, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses										323,861			323,861
Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, shares									3,136
Vesting of restricted stock units									237
Issuance of shares under the employee stock purchase plan										4,944			4,944
Issuance of shares under the employee stock purchase plan, shares									74
Exercise of stock options										14,471			14,471
Exercise of stock options, shares									804
Repurchases of early exercised stock options, shares									(2)
Stock-based compensation										36,998			36,998
Business acquisition										26,773			26,773
Business acquisition, shares									237
Net exercise of stock warrants									22
Other comprehensive income											459		459
Repurchases of common stock for income tax withholding										(10,849)			(10,849)
Repurchases of common stock for income tax withholding, shares									(92)
Net loss												(152,098)	(152,098)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2021										$ 1,190,828	$ 546	$ (610,553)	$ 580,821
Ending Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2021									49,499

Income taxes - Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Income taxes
Tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Change in valuation allowance	(33.00%)	(25.00%)	(22.00%)
Research and development credit benefit	3.00%	1.00%	1.00%
Business combination	(2.00%)
Stock-based compensation	12.00%	3.00%
Total income tax expense	1.00%

Warrants - (Detail) - $ / shares			1 Months Ended
Warrants - (Detail) - $ / shares	Mar. 28, 2016	Dec. 22, 2015	Nov. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Class of warrants or rights outstanding						26,385
Number of warrants exercised			7,531	18,854
Exercise price per share			$ 21.24	$ 14.85
Common stock issued for cashless exercise			6,041	16,051
Warrants One [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Class of warrants or rights number of warrants issued during the period	7,531	18,854
Class of warrants or rights outstanding					0

Balance sheet components - Inventory (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Balance sheet components
Raw Materials	$ 18,778	$ 9,237
Work-in-process	4,837	2,021
Finished Goods	8,185	1,031
Total inventories	31,800	$ 12,289
Work-in-process inventory included gross consigned	$ 1,900

Stock option plan

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Stock option plan

Stock option plan

12.	Stock option plan

2018 Equity Incentive Plan

On September 26, 2018, the board of directors adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2018 Plan) as a successor to the 2013 Stock Plan (the 2013 Plan). The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2018 Plan is 6,856,405 shares of the Company’s common stock. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan will be increased automatically on the first day of each fiscal year, following the fiscal year in which the 2018 Plan became effective, by a number equal to the least of 999,900 shares, 4% of the shares of common stock outstanding at that time, or such number of shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. The common shares issuable under the 2018 Plan were registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 on November 1, 2018.

On September 1, 2020, the board of directors approved the implementation of a revised annual equity award program for executive officers and senior level employees to be granted as performance-based stock units (PSUs) under the 2018 Plan. The number of PSUs ultimately earned under these awards is calculated based on the achievement of certain total revenue threshold during the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022. The percentage of performance stock units that vest will depend on the board of directors’ determination of total revenue at the end of the performance period and can range from 0% to 150% of the number of units granted. The provisions of the PSU are considered a performance condition, and the effects of that performance condition are not reflected in the grant date fair value of the awards. The Company used the Black-Scholes method to calculate the fair value at the grant date without regard to the vesting condition and will recognize compensation cost for the units that are expected to vest. As of September 30, 2021, the Company determined that 256,665 shares are expected to vest based on the probability of the performance condition that will be achieved under this equity award program. The Company reassesses the probability of the performance condition at each reporting period and adjusts the compensation cost based on the probability assessment. During the year ended September 30, 2021, the Company changed its estimate of the probability of meeting the performance conditions for the PSU grants. The previous estimate was based on data and assumptions that were the best available information at the time. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company obtained new data, previously unavailable, from new, internal forecasts and projections. The new data indicate that the PSU grants are expected to be larger than previously estimated. As a result, the Company has changed its estimate of its PSU stock-based compensation on a prospective basis beginning in the third quarter of 2021. This change resulted in an increase of approximately $0.6 million in stock-based compensation expense for the year ended September 30, 2021. The weighted-average grant date fair value was determined to be $45.18 per share. As of September 30, 2021, the unrecognized compensation costs related to these awards were $5.6 million. The Company expects to recognize those costs over a weighted average period of 1.0 year.

Any shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2013 Plan that are canceled or repurchased subsequent to the 2018 Plan’s effective date are returned to the pool of shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan. Awards granted under the 2018 Plan may be nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, and performance units.

Activity under the equity incentive plans during the year ended September 30, 2021 is as follows:


					Weighted
			Weighted		average
			average		remaining
			exercise		contractual	Aggregate
	Shares	Options	price		term	intrinsic
(In thousands, except per share data)	available	outstanding	per share		(years)	value
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	1,034	3,913	$	24.35	8.1	$	204,365
Additional shares authorized	1,000	—		—
Stock options granted	(175)	175		69.03
Stock options exercised	—	(805)		18.05
Stock options forfeited	151	(151)		39.25
Restricted stock units granted	(436)	—		—
Forfeiture of restricted stock units	61	—		—
Shares withheld for payment of taxes	93	—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2021	1,728	3,132	$	27.15	7.3	$	251,343
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2021		3,132	$	27.15	7.3	$	251,343
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2021		1,633	$	18.05	6.6	$	145,204

As of September 30, 2021, there was $26.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options under the equity incentive plans that are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the year ended September 30, 2021 was $69.03 per share.

2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On September 26, 2018, the board of directors adopted the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the 2018 ESPP). A total of 275,225 shares of the Company’s common stock have been reserved for issuance under the 2018 ESPP. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 ESPP will be increased automatically on the first day of each fiscal year, following the fiscal year in which the 2018 ESPP becomes effective, by a number equal to the least of 249,470 shares, 1% of the shares of common stock outstanding at that time, or such number of shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. The number of shares reserved for issuance as at September 30, 2021 is as follows:


		Shares
(In thousands)		available
Outstanding at September 30, 2020		179
Additional shares authorized		250
Shares issued during the period		(74)
Outstanding at September 30, 2021		355

Subject to any plan limitations, the 2018 ESPP allows eligible service providers (through qualified and non-qualified offerings) to contribute, normally through payroll deductions, up to 15% of their earnings for the purchase of the Company’s common stock at a discounted price per share. The offering periods are beginning in February and August of each year, except the initial offering period which commenced with the initial public offering in October 2018 and ended on August 20, 2019. The common shares issuable under the 2018 ESPP were registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 on November 26, 2018.

Unless otherwise determined by the board of directors, the Company’s common stock will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the 2018 ESPP at a price per share that is the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first trading day of the offering period, which for the initial offering period is the price at which shares of the Company’s common stock were first sold to the public, or 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day of the offering period. During the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, activity under the 2018 ESPP was immaterial.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock primarily consists of restricted stock unit awards (RSUs) which have been granted to employees. The value of an RSU award is based on the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. The shares underlying the RSU awards are not issued until the RSUs vest. Upon vesting, each RSU converts into one share of the Company’s common stock.

Activity with respect to the Company’s restricted stock units during the year ended September 30, 2021 is as follows:


		Weighted
		average		Weighted
		grant		average
		date fair		remaining	Aggregate
	Number	value per		contractual	Intrinsic
(in thousands, except per share data)	of Shares	share		term (years)	Value
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	569	$	32.96	3.2	$	43,260
Restricted stock units granted	436	$	113.06	—		—
Restricted stock units vested	(237)	$	44.36	—		—
Restricted stock units forfeited	(61)	$	86.60	—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2021	707	$	73.86	2.7	$	75,629
Expected to vest at September 30, 2021	707	$	73.86	2.7	$	75,629

As of September 30, 2021, there was $47.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to these issuances that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years.

Stock-based compensation

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized were as follows:


	Year ended
	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Cost of revenues	$	2,678	$	1,290	$	1,345
Research and development		10,166		3,346		2,378
Selling, general and administrative		24,154		12,460		7,447
Total stock-based compensation	$	36,998	$	17,096	$	11,170

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the grant date fair value of a stock option. The Black-Scholes model requires various assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s common stock, expected term, expected dividend yield and expected volatility.

The expected volatility of the Company’s stock options is estimated from the historical volatility of selected public companies with comparable characteristics to it, including similarity in size and lines of business. The expected term of stock options represents the period that the Company’s stock-options are expected to be outstanding before being exercised. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. treasury notes with terms approximately equal to the expected life of the option. The expected dividend rate is zero as the Company currently has no history or expectation of declaring cash dividends on the Company’s common stock.

The fair value of options granted during the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were calculated using the weighted average assumptions set forth below:


	Year ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020		2019
Expected term (years)	6.1		6.2		6.4
Expected volatility	64.4	%	62.1	%	60.2	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.0	%	1.3	%	2.7	%
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%	—	%

Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were $42.80, $20.76 and $15.06, respectively.

Shares subject to repurchase

The Company has a right of repurchase with respect to unvested shares issued upon early exercise of options at an amount equal to the original exercise price of each unvested share being repurchased. The Company’s right to repurchase these shares lapses pursuant to the vesting schedule of the original grant, which is generally 25% on the first anniversary of the original grant and ratably on a monthly basis over the remaining 36 months. As of September 30, 2021, 2,741 shares remain subject to the Company’s right of repurchase.

Stock option plan - Activity Under The Equity Incentive Plans (Detail) - 2018 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Shares available
Shares available, Outstanding Beginning Balance	1,034
Shares available, Additional shares authorized	1,000
Shares available, Stock options granted	(175)
Shares available, Stock options forfeited	151
Shares available, Restricted stock units granted	(436)
Shares available, Forfeiture of restricted common stock	61
Shares available, Shares withheld for payment of taxes	93
Shares available, Outstanding Ending Balance	1,728	1,034
Options outstanding
Number of options, Outstanding beginning balance	3,913
Options outstanding, Stock options granted	175
Options outstanding, Stock options exercised	(805)
Options outstanding, Stock options forfeited	(151)
Number of options, Outstanding ending balance	3,132	3,913
Options outstanding, Vested or expected to vest	3,132
Options outstanding, Vested and exercisable	1,633
Weighted average exercise price per share
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding Beginning Balance	$ 24.35
Weighted average exercise price per share, Stock options granted	69.03
Weighted average exercise price per share, Stock options exercised	18.05
Weighted average exercise price per share, Stock options forfeited	39.25
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding Ending Balance	27.15	$ 24.35
Weighted average exercise price per share, Vested or expected to vest	27.15
Weighted average exercise price per share, Vested and exercisable	$ 18.05
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)
Weighted average remaining contractual term, Outstanding	7 years 3 months 18 days	8 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, Vested or expected to vest	7 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, Vested and exercisable	6 years 7 months 6 days
Aggregate intrinsic value
Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding	$ 251,343	$ 204,365
Aggregate intrinsic value, Vested or expected to vest	251,343
Aggregate intrinsic value, Vested and exercisable	$ 145,204

Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Common Stock [Member]
Net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses	$ 21,139	$ 18,916	$ 17,210

Business acquisition - Preliminary estimate of the intangible assets (Details) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 14, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnity holdback		$ (534)
Income tax benefit		$ (1,930)	$ 382	$ 292
iGenomX International Genomics Corporation (iGenomX)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of acquired intangible assets	$ 18,410
Discount rate		8.5
Transaction costs		$ 800
Change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnity holdback		500
Income tax benefit		2,000
Contingent consideration and indemnity holdback	$ 10,400	$ 9,900
Developed Technology \| iGenomX International Genomics Corporation (iGenomX)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated Weighted Average Useful Lives in Years	17 years
Estimated fair value of acquired intangible assets	$ 17,900
Customer relationships \| iGenomX International Genomics Corporation (iGenomX)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated Weighted Average Useful Lives in Years	1 year 6 months
Estimated fair value of acquired intangible assets	$ 510

Related party transactions

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Related party transactions

Related party transactions

8.	Related party transactions

During the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company purchased raw materials from a related party investor in the amount of $5.0 million, $3.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively. Payable balances and cash receipts and receivable balances with the related party were immaterial as of September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Business acquisition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Business acquisition

Schedule of preliminary fair value amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date, as well as the purchase consideration:


(in thousands)	June 14, 2021
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7
Accounts receivable		37
Inventories		14
Intangible assets		18,410
Goodwill		21,538
Liabilities assumed
Accounts payable		57
Accrued expenses		44
Deferred tax liability		2,252
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed	$	37,653

Consideration transferred
Cash	$	490
Company common stock		26,772
Contingent consideration		5,467
Indemnity holdback		4,924
Fair value of purchase consideration	$	37,653

Schedule of preliminary estimate of the intangible assets

The following table summarizes the preliminary estimate of the intangible assets as of the acquisition date:


	Estimated
	Weighted
	Average
	Useful Lives	Estimated Fair
(in thousands, except for years)	in Years	Value
Developed technology	17	$	17,900
Customer relationships	1.5		510
Estimated fair value of acquired intangible assets		$	18,410

Schedule of pro forma financial results

Additionally, the pro forma financial results do not include any anticipated synergies or other expected benefits from the iGenomX acquisition.


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Revenues	$	132,599	$	90,650
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		(153,007)		(141,054)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Credit period granted to customers		30 days
Depreciation and amortization expense		$ 9,750	$ 6,677	$ 6,111
Capitalized computer software net		$ 3,000	2,400
Capitalized software developed useful life		3 years
Impairment of long lived assets		$ 0	0	0
Contract assets		2,000
Contract liabilities		1,100
Advertising and promotion expenses		2,500	1,200	1,300
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset		$ 61,580	$ 33,699
Common stock warrants issued \| shares		0	0
Reverse stock split	0.101
Defense Advanced Research Project Agency [Member]
Contract payments research and development received		$ 1,000	$ 200	500
Georgia Institute of Technology [Member] \| Development of DNA Synthesis Portion of the Molecular Information Storage [Member]
Total expected cost of project		6,500
Commitment to contribute towards project cost		2,000
Georgia Institute of Technology [Member] \| Development of DNA Synthesis Portion of the Molecular Information Storage [Member] \| United States Director General of Intelligence [Member]
Grant receivable for the project		4,500
Research and development portion of the grant received and recognized		$ 1,100	$ 2,500	$ 0
Computer software
Capitalized software developed useful life		3 years

Commitments and contingencies - Minimum Rental Payments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Commitments and contingencies
2022	$ 8,986
2023	10,595
2024	10,333
2025	10,489
2026	9,083
Thereafter	84,753
Total minimum lease payments	134,239
Less: imputed interest	(55,242)
Less: tenant improvement allowance (receipt anticipated in 2022)	(17,628)
Operating lease liabilities	61,369
Less: current portion	(8,213)	$ (6,409)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	$ 53,156	$ 24,837

Stock option plan - Restricted Stock Units Activity (Detail) - Unvested restricted stock units - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Number of Shares
Number of shares, Outstanding Beginning Balance	569
Number of shares, granted	436
Number of shares, vested	(237)
Number of shares, forfeited	(61)
Number of shares, Outstanding Ending Balance	707	569
Expected to vest, Outstanding	707
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
Weighted average grant date fair value price per share, Outstanding Beginning Balance	$ 32.96
Weighted average grant date fair value price per share, granted	113.06
Weighted average grant date fair value price per share, vested	44.36
Weighted average grant date fair value price per share, forfeited	86.60
Weighted average grant date fair value price per share, Outstanding Ending Balance	73.86	$ 32.96
Weighted average grant date fair value price per share, Expected to vest	$ 73.86
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)
Weighted average remaining contractual term, Outstanding	2 years 8 months 12 days	3 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, Expected to vest	2 years 8 months 12 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding	$ 75,629	$ 43,260
Aggregate intrinsic value, Expected to vest	$ 75,629

Long-term debt

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Long-term debt

Long-term debt

6.	Long-term debt

In September 2017, the Company entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the Fourth Loan) with SVB for loan amounts aggregating up to $20.0 million in a series of three advances. The first advance provides a principal amount of $10.0 million, the second advance provides a principal amount of $5.0 million and the third advance provides a principal amount of $5.0 million during their respective draw down periods. The draw down periods for the second and third advances under this agreement have expired as of January 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively and were not utilized.

In connection with the first advance the Company issued a warrant to purchase 64,127 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $6.24 per share. The Fourth Loan contains a subjective acceleration clause under which the Fourth Loan could become due and payable to SVB in the event of a material adverse change in the Company’s business. The term of the loan was 51 months with an interest rate of prime plus 3.0% and a final payment fee of $0.7 million.

The first advance, totaling $10.0 million, was drawn in September 2017 and comprised $7.8 million to refinance a prior loan and a new advance of $2.2 million. The debt provides for interest only payments through December 31, 2018 at which time monthly principal payments become due.

In addition, the Company obtained a revolving loan facility for a principal amount of up to $10.0 million for which the principal amount outstanding under the revolving line would accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal to one percentage point (1.00%) above the prime rate, which interest shall be payable monthly. The Company accounted for this transaction as a debt modification and did not incur any gain or loss relating to the modification. The Company had no amounts outstanding under this revolving loan facility at September 30, 2021 and 2020. The fees related to maintaining the revolving loan facility is $0.1 million, payable in annual installments.

The Company’s credit facilities contain customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, including, among other things, restrictions on changes in business, management, ownership or business locations, indebtedness, encumbrances, investments, mergers or acquisitions, dispositions, maintenance of collateral accounts, prepayment of other indebtedness, distributions and transactions with affiliates. The credit facilities contain customary events of default subject in certain cases to grace periods and notice requirements, including (a) failure to pay principal, interest and other obligations when due, (b) material misrepresentations, (c) breach of covenants, conditions or agreements in the credit facilities, (d) default under material indebtedness, (e) certain bankruptcy events, (f) a material adverse change; (g) attachment, levy or restraint on business, (h) default with respect to subordinated debt, (i) cross default under the Company’s credit facilities, and (j) government approvals being revoked. As part of the Fourth Loan, all rights, title and interest to the Company’s personal property with the exception of the Company’s intellectual property, have been pledged as collateral, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, contractual rights to payment, license agreements, general intangibles, inventory and equipment. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the loan and security agreement with SVB as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Future maturities of the Fourth Loan as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:


(in thousands)	Principal		Interest		Total
Years ending September 30, 2022	$	833	$	9	$	842
	$	833	$	9	$	842
Less: Interest						(9)
Total amount of loan principal						833
Less unamortized debt discount						(4)
Add: accretion of final payment fee						723
					$	1,552

The effective interest rate of the Company’s outstanding Fourth Loan was 11.6% at September 30, 2021.

Geographic, product and industry information - By Product (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 132,333	$ 90,100	$ 54,385
Synthetic genes
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	38,964	35,192	26,712
Oligo pools
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	8,039	4,545	4,594
DNA and Biopharma libraries
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	12,663	6,348	2,036
NGS tools
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 72,667	$ 44,015	$ 21,043

- Definition

Amount, including tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value-added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9038-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130545-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130543-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9054-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Geographic, product and industry information - By Industry (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 132,333	$ 90,100	$ 54,385
United States [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	40,600	22,500
Non-US [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	3,500	3,000
Industrial chemicals/materials
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	34,475	29,054	21,927
Academic research
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	25,299	19,642	13,835
Healthcare
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	71,241	40,036	17,424
Food/agriculture
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,318	$ 1,368	$ 1,199

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Commitments and contingencies - Operating Leases On Balance Sheet (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Commitments and contingencies
Lessor, Operating Lease, Existence of Option to Extend [true false]	true
Lessor, Operating Lease, Existence of Option to Terminate [true false]	true
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use-asset	$ 61,580	$ 33,699
Current liabilities:
Current portion of operating lease liability	8,213	6,409
Noncurrent liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	$ 53,156	$ 24,837

Related Party Transactions - (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Related party transactions
Raw materials purchased from related party investor	$ 5.0	$ 3.4	$ 3.2

Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Summary of significant accounting policies

Schedule Of Estimated Lives of Property And Equipment

Estimated lives of property and equipment are as follows:


Laboratory equipment		5 Years
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment		5 Years
Computer equipment		3 Years
Computer software		3 Years
Leasehold improvements		Lesser of useful life or facilities’ lease term.

Common stock

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Common stock

Common stock

11.	Common stock

As of September 30, 2021, the Company reserved sufficient shares of common stock for issuance upon exercise of stock options. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. The holders of shares of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors, subject to prior rights of the holders of preferred stock.

Balance sheet components - Schedule Of Property Plant And Equipment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	$ 79,544	$ 54,944
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(35,422)	(29,478)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Total	44,122	25,466
Laboratory equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	48,439	37,338
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	2,195	1,728
Computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	2,977	2,834
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	3,899	3,678
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	5,066	4,669
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	$ 16,968	$ 4,697

Balance sheet components - Other non-current assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Convertible note receivable	$ 3,021
Other non-current assets	4,653	$ 2,823
Other non-current assets	7,674	$ 2,823
Convertible note receivable
Maximum loan offered to borrower	$ 3,000
Interest rate on promissory note	4.00%

Subsequent events (Details) - Subsequent events $ in Millions	Nov. 19, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 01, 2021 USD ($) item
Asset License and Contract Assignment Agreement with Revelar
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Success-based milestone payments based on achievement		$ 100.0
Maximum number of additional antibody therapeutics under license \| item		5
License period		4 years
Maximum committed investment		$ 10.0
Percentage of undiluted ownership excluding shares and options		49.80%
SAFE investment in exchange for cash investment		$ 5.0
AbX Biologics, Inc.
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchase consideration	$ 140.0
Cash consideration	10.0
Contingent payment	$ 40.0

Stock option plan - Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 36,998	$ 17,096	$ 11,170
Cost of Revenues [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	2,678	1,290	1,345
Research and Development [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	10,166	3,346	2,378
Selling, General and Administrative [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 24,154	$ 12,460	$ 7,447

Income taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Income taxes

Schedule of domestic and foreign components of pre-tax loss

The domestic and foreign components of pre-tax loss for the year ended September 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are as follows:


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021	2020	2019
US	(149,533)	(138,016)	(107,847)
Foreign	(4,495)	(1,533)	470
Total	(154,028)	(139,549)	(107,377)

Schedule of components of the provision for income taxes

The components of the provision for income taxes for the year ended September 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are as follows:


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021	2020	2019
Current
Federal	—	—	—
State	(29)	—	108
Foreign	108	382	184
Total Current	79	382	292

Deferred
Federal	(2,268)	—	—
State	259	—	—
Foreign	—	—	—
Total Deferred	(2,009)	—	—

Total Provision	(1,930)	382	292

Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation

The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate:


	Year ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020		2019
Tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate	21	%	21	%	21	%
Change in valuation allowance	(33)	%	(25)	%	(22)	%
Research and development credit benefit	3	%	1	%	1	%
Business combination	(2)	%	—		—
Stock-based compensation	12	%	3	%	—
Total income tax expense	1	%	—	%	—	%

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	163,782	$	112,434
Research and development credit carryforwards		20,163		9,407
Operating lease liability		14,890		7,506
Other		11,631		5,639
Gross deferred tax assets		210,466		134,986
Less: Valuation allowance		(190,428)		(127,336)
Net deferred tax assets		20,038		7,650
Fixed assets		(785)		(105)
Operating lease right-of-use asset		(14,893)		(7,498)
Intangible assets		(4,360)		(47)
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(20,038)		(7,650)
Total net deferred tax asset	$	—	$	—

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:


	Federal
(in thousands)	and state
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	2,249
Increases related to tax positions taken during 2019		1,042
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	3,291
Increases related to tax positions taken during 2020		1,409
Balance as of September 30, 2020	$	4,700
Increases related to tax positions taken during 2021		2,737
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	7,437

Goodwill and intangible assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Goodwill and intangible assets

Summary of Intangible Assets Balances

The intangible assets balances are presented below:


	September 30, 2021
	Weighted average	Gross
	Amortization period	carrying		Accumulated		Net book
(in thousands, except for years)	in years	amount		amortization		value
Developed Technology	16	$	19,120	$	(1,361)	$	17,759
Tradenames & Trademarks	2		20		(20)		—
Customer Relationships	1.5		510		(7)		503
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets		$	19,650	$	(1,388)	$	18,262


	September 30, 2020
	Weighted average	Gross
	Amortization period	carrying		Accumulated		Net book
(in thousands, except for years)	in years	amount		amortization		value
Developed Technology	6	$	1,220	$	(913)	$	307
Tradenames & Trademarks	2		20		(20)		—
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets		$	1,240	$	(933)	$	307

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

Future annual amortization expense is as follows (in thousands):


Years ending September 30,
2022	$	1,593
2023		1,138
2024		1,053
2025		1,053
2026		1,053
Thereafter		12,372
	$	18,262

Fair value measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Fair value measurement

Cash And Cash Equivalents And Available For Sale Securities At Fair Value

The following table sets forth the cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of September 30, 2021:


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized
(in thousands)	cost		gains		losses		Fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	465,829	$	—	$	—	$	465,829
Short-term investments		12,033		1		—		12,034
Total	$	477,862	$	1	$	—	$	477,863

The following table sets forth the cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of September 30, 2020:


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized
(in thousands)	cost		gains		losses		Fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	93,667	$	—	$	—	$	93,667
Short-term investments		196,320		15		—		196,335
Total	$	289,987	$	15	$	—	$	290,002

Summary of Company's Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

As of September 30, 2021, financial assets and liabilities measured and recognized at fair value are as follows:


(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair value
Assets
Money market funds	$	430,438	$	—	$	—	$	430,438
U.S. government treasury bills		12,034		—		—		12,034
Total financial assets	$	442,472	$	—	$	—	$	442,472

Liabilities
Contingent consideration and indemnity holdback	$	—	$	9,856	$	—	$	9,856
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	9,856	$	—	$	9,856

As of September 30, 2020, financial assets and liabilities measured and recognized at fair value are as follows:


(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair value
Assets
Money market funds	$	73,413	$	—	$	—	$	73,413
Commercial paper		—		94,840		—		94,840
U.S. government treasury bills		101,495		—		—		101,495
Total financial assets	$	174,908	$	94,840	$	—	$	269,748

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of financial instruments measured at fair value, including those classified in shareholders' equity measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, fair value measurements recorded and the reasons for the measurements, level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements are categorized and transfers between levels 1 and 2. Nonrecurring fair value measurements are those that are required or permitted in the statement of financial position in particular circumstances.

+ References + Details

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2021	Nov. 18, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2021
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38720
Entity Registrant Name	Twist Bioscience Corporation
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	46-2058888
Entity Address, Address Line One	681 Gateway Blvd
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, City or Town	South San Francisco
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94080
City Area Code	800
Local Phone Number	719-0671
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	TWST
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Public Float			$ 4,885
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		49,632,483
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001581280
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true

Stock option plan - Fair value of options granted (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Stock option plan
Expected term (years)	6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 2 months 12 days	6 years 4 months 24 days
Expected volatility	64.40%	62.10%	60.20%
Risk-free interest rate	1.00%	1.30%	2.70%

Balance sheet components

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Balance sheet components

Balance sheet components

4.	Balance sheet components

The Company’s accounts receivable, net balance consists of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Trade Receivables	$	26,549	$	25,790
Other Receivables		2,337		951
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts		(337)		(365)
Accounts Receivable, net	$	28,549	$	26,376

Inventories consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Raw Materials	$	18,778	$	9,237
Work-in-process		4,837		2,021
Finished Goods		8,185		1,031
	$	31,800	$	12,289

The work-in-process inventory included gross consigned inventory of $1.9 million as of September 30, 2021.

Property and Equipment, net consists of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Laboratory equipment	$	48,439	$	37,338
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment		2,195		1,728
Computer equipment		2,977		2,834
Computer software		3,899		3,678
Leasehold improvements		5,066		4,669
Construction in progress		16,968		4,697
		79,544		54,944
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(35,422)		(29,478)
	$	44,122	$	25,466

Other non-current assets

The other non-current assets consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Convertible note receivable	$	3,021	$	—
Other non-current assets		4,653		2,823
	$	7,674	$	2,823

The Company entered into a convertible promissory note agreement with a privately held company (“Borrower”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to loan to the Borrower up to an aggregate of $3.0 million in a series of loan installments, evidenced by a convertible promissory note having a maturity date of May 1, 2023 (“Convertible Note”). The Convertible Note accrues interest at a rate of 4% per annum. Outstanding principal and any unpaid accrued interest will be converted into preferred shares of the Borrower if before the repayment of the Note, the Borrower has an equity financing round.

Accrued expenses

The accrued expenses consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Professional services fees payable	$	5,057	$	2,444
Other accrued expenses		1,380		1,457
	$	6,437	$	3,901

Accrued compensation

The accrued compensation consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Accrued vacation	$	4,643	$	3,641
Accrued bonus		8,584		5,747
Accrued commissions		3,330		1,970
Accrued payroll and related taxes		4,676		2,711
Other accrued compensation		1,094		876
	$	22,327	$	14,945

Other current liabilities

The other current liabilities consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Contingent consideration	$	5,186	$	—
Income and sales taxes payable		2,440		719
Other current liabilities		1,997		1,892
	$	9,623	$	2,611

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

13.	Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(152,098)	$	(139,931)	$	(107,669)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted		48,251		39,190		27,462
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(3.15)	$	(3.57)	$	(3.92)

The potentially dilutive common shares that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been antidilutive for the periods presented are as follows:


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021	2020	2019
Shares subject to options to purchase common stock	3,131	3,948	3,551
Unvested restricted shares of common stock	—	—	24
Unvested restricted stock units	707	569	462
Unvested shares of common stock issued upon early exercise of stock options	3	17	38
Shares subject to employee stock purchase plan	27	33	76
Shares subject to warrants to purchase common stock	—	26	26
Total	3,868	4,593	4,177

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (152,098)	$ (139,931)	$ (107,669)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	9,750	6,677	6,111
Non-cash lease expense	2,243	(1,043)
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	2		189
Stock-based compensation	36,998	17,096	11,170
Discount (premium) accretion on investment securities	593	(214)	(1,249)
Realized gain on investments	(5)
Allowance for doubtful accounts	40
Change in fair value of contingent consideration and indemnity holdback	(534)
Non-cash interest expense	67	152	233
Amortization of debt discount	81	184	282
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(2,202)	(14,272)	(6,685)
Inventories	(19,489)	(4,956)	(1,302)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(2,058)	(3,683)	746
Other non-current assets	(4,653)	(554)	(2,064)
Accounts payable	8,542	(5,506)	3,278
Accrued expenses	3,115	(2,648)	4,210
Accrued compensation	7,392	4,465	5,060
Other liabilities	(28)	1,978	(247)
Net cash used in operating activities	(112,244)	(142,255)	(87,937)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(27,061)	(9,868)	(14,757)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment			21
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired	(483)
Purchases of investments	(58,795)	(202,882)	(177,574)
Proceeds from maturity of investments	242,494	98,100	87,500
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	156,155	(114,650)	(104,810)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	14,559	10,495	2,170
Proceeds from public offerings, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses	323,861	295,563	156,208
Proceeds from issuance under employee stock purchase plan	4,944	3,428	2,700
Repayments of long-term debt	(3,333)	(3,333)	(2,500)
Repurchases of common stock for income tax withholding	(10,849)	(2,421)
Net cash provided by financing activities	329,182	303,732	158,578
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	20	21	30
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	373,113	46,848	(34,139)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year	94,246	47,398	81,537
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of year	467,359	94,246	47,398
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest paid	167	438	779
Income taxes paid, net of refunds	101	172	291
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Property and equipment additions included in accrued expenses and accounts payable	2,011	1,333	170
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	33,617	$ 3,718
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to equity			631
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock			$ 290,462
Issuance of common stock in connection with the iGenomX acquisition	$ 26,773

Summary of significant accounting policies

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Summary of significant accounting policies

Summary of significant accounting policies

2.	Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation and use of estimates

The presentation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include the valuation of deferred tax assets, stock-based compensation expense, determination of the net realizable value of inventory, and the fair value of the Company’s common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and accounts are eliminated in consolidation.

Risks and uncertainties

The Company relies on third parties for the supply and manufacture of its products, including a single-source supplier for a critical component, as well as third-party logistics providers. In instances where these parties fail to perform their obligations, the Company may be unable to find alternative suppliers to satisfactorily deliver its products to its customers on time, if at all.

The Company operates in a dynamic and highly competitive industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows: ability to obtain future financing; advances and trends in new technologies and industry standards; market acceptance of the Company’s products; development of sales channels; certain strategic relationships; litigation or claims against the Company regarding intellectual property, patent, product, regulatory, or other factors; and the ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth.

The Company has expended and expects to continue to expend substantial funds to complete the research and development of its production process. The Company may require additional funds to commercialize its products and may be unable to entirely fund these efforts with its current financial resources. Additional funds may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If adequate funds

are unavailable on a timely basis from operations or additional sources of financing, the Company may have to delay the sale of the Company’s products and services which would materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and operations.

During the year ended September 30, 2021, financial results of the Company were not significantly affected by the COVID 19 pandemic, which continues to have global impact. The Company has considered all information available as of the date of issuance of these financial statements and the Company is not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require an update to its estimates or judgments, or a revision to the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information becomes available. The extent to which the COVID 19 outbreak affects the Company’s future financial results and operations will depend on future developments which continue to evolve and are difficult to predict, including new information concerning mutations in the SARS-CoV 2 virus, which may make it more contagious, and current or future domestic and international actions to contain it and treat it.

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash is held by one financial institution that management believes is of high credit quality. Such deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company’s investment policy addresses the level of credit exposure by establishing a minimum allowable credit rating and by limiting the concentration in any one investment.

The Company’s accounts receivable is derived from customers located principally in the United States and Europe. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains allowances for potential credit losses on customers’ accounts when deemed necessary. The Company does not typically require collateral from its customers. Credit losses historically have not been material. The Company continuously monitors customer payments and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its assessment of various factors including historical experience, age of the receivable balances, and other current economic conditions or other factors that may affect customers’ ability to pay.

Customer concentration

There are no major customers who accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenue for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021. There were two major customers who accounted for 12% and 10% of the Company’s revenue for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. There was one major customer who accounted for 17% of the Company’s revenue for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

There are no major customers who accounted for 10% or more of the net accounts receivable as of September 30, 2021. There was one customer who accounted for 36% of net accounts receivable as of September 30, 2020.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents that are readily convertible to cash are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of investments in money market funds as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Short-term investments

The Company invests in various types of securities, including United States government, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities. It classifies its investments as available-for-sale and records them at fair value based upon market prices at period end. Unrealized gains and losses that are deemed temporary in nature are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of investments sold. The Company may sell these securities at any time for use in current operations.

Accounts receivable

Trade receivables include amounts billed and currently due from customers, recorded at the net invoice value and are not interest bearing. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide for the estimated amounts of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based upon an assessment of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables and collateral to the extent applicable.

The Company re-evaluates such allowance on a regular basis and adjusts its allowance as needed. Once a receivable is deemed to be uncollectible, such balance is charged against the allowance.

The Company has a short order-to-invoice lifecycle, as most products can be manufactured within one month. Upon delivery of the products to the customer, the Company invoices the customer. The typical timing of payment is net 30 days.

Fair value of financial instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments including cash equivalents, short term investments, and accounts receivable approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying amounts of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability represent their fair values. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms, the carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates its fair value (level 2 within the fair value hierarchy).

Inventories

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Determining net realizable value of inventory involves judgments and assumptions, including projecting selling prices and costs to sell. Provisions are made to reduce excess and obsolete inventories to their estimated net realizable value based on forecasted demand, past experience, the age and nature of inventories.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term of the respective leasehold improvements assets, if any. The Company recorded depreciation and amortization expense of $9.8 million, $6.7 million, and $6.1 million for the years September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Estimated lives of property and equipment are as follows:


Laboratory equipment		5 Years
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment		5 Years
Computer equipment		3 Years
Computer software		3 Years
Leasehold improvements		Lesser of useful life or facilities’ lease term.

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Betterments are capitalized and depreciated through the life of the lease. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in the period realized.

Capitalized software development costs

Costs associated with internal-use software systems, including those to improve e-commerce capabilities, during the application development stage are capitalized. Capitalization of costs begins when the preliminary project stage is completed, management has committed to funding the project, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Capitalization ceases at the point when the project is substantially complete and is ready for its intended purpose. The capitalized amounts are included in property and equipment, net on the consolidated balance sheets.

Capitalized software development costs were $3.0 million and $2.4 million as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Capitalized costs are amortized from the project completion date, using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of the assets, which is three years.

Long-lived assets

The Company reviews property and equipment, right of use assets and intangibles subject to amortization for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the carrying amount to the future undiscounted cash flows which the assets are expected to generate. If such assets

are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value. There have been no such impairments of long-lived assets during the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Impairment assessments inherently involve judgment as to assumptions about expected future cash flows and the impact of market conditions on those assumptions. No impairment charges were recorded during the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Leases

On October 1, 2019, the Company adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption had a material effect on the consolidated balance sheets but did not have a material effect on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the previous accounting under ASC 840, Leases. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance which, among other things, allows carrying forward the historical classification of existing leases as of October 1, 2019.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception primarily based on the determination of the party responsible for directing the use of an underlying asset within a contract. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In determining the present value of committed lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date which includes significant assumptions made including the Company’s estimated credit rating, annual percentage yields from corporate debt financings of companies of similar size and credit rating over a loan term approximating the remaining term of each lease, and government bond yields for terms approximating the remaining term of each lease in countries where the leased assets are located. Certain leases include payments of operating expenses that are dependent and may be revised based on the landlord’s estimate, and these variable payments are therefore excluded from the lease payments used to determine the operating lease right-of-use asset and lease liability. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise any such options. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.

The Company elected to not apply the recognition requirements of Topic 842 to short-term leases with terms of 12 months or less which do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. For short-term leases, lease payments are recognized as operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company elected to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Additional information and disclosures required by Topic 842 are contained in Note 7.

Goodwill and indefinite intangible assets

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually at the reporting unit level during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. If, based on a qualitative assessment, the Company determines it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, a quantitative assessment is performed to determine if the fair value of the Company’s one reporting unit is less than its carrying value. During its goodwill impairment review, the Company assessed qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying value, including goodwill. The qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, industry and market considerations, and the Company’s overall financial performance. The Company performed its annual assessment for goodwill impairment in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year noting no indication of impairment. There were no triggering events indicating potential for impairment through September 30, 2021.

Segment information

The Company has one business activity, which is manufacturing of synthetic DNA using its semiconductor-based silicon platform and operates as one reportable and operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker, its Chief Executive Officer (CEO), reviews the Company’s operating results on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance.

Revenue recognition

The Company’s revenue is generated through the sale of synthetic biology tools, such as synthetic genes, oligo pools, next generation sequencing tools, and DNA and biopharma libraries. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the products is transferred to the customer and at a transaction price that is determined based on the agreed upon rates in the applicable order or master supply agreement applied to the quantity of synthetic DNA that was manufactured and shipped to the customer.

Contracts with customers are in the written form of a purchase order or a quotation, which outline the promised goods and the agreed upon price. Such orders are often accompanied by a Master Supply or Distribution Agreement that establishes the terms and conditions, rights of the parties, delivery terms, and pricing. The Company assesses collectability based on a number of factors, including past transaction history and creditworthiness of the customer.

For Company contracts to date other than Biopharma contracts, the customer orders a specified quantity of synthetic DNA sequence; therefore, the delivery of the ordered quantity per the purchase order is accounted for as one performance obligation.

The transaction price is determined based on the agreed upon rates in the purchase order or master supply agreements applied to the quantity of synthetic DNA that was manufactured and shipped to the customer. The Company’s contracts include only one performance obligation – the shipment of the product to the customer. Accordingly, all of the transaction price, net of any discounts, is allocated to the one performance obligation. The Company’s sales are subject to Ex Works (as defined in Incoterms 2010) delivery terms and revenue is recorded at the point in time when products are picked up by the customer’s freight forwarder, as the Company has determined that this is the point in time that control transfers to the customer. Therefore, upon shipment of the product, there are no remaining performance obligations. The Company’s shipping and handling activities are performed before the customer obtains control of the goods and therefore are considered a fulfillment cost. The Company has elected to exclude all sales and value added taxes from the measurement of the transaction price. The Company has not adjusted the transaction price for significant financing since the time period between the transfer of goods and payment is less than one year. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not disclose the consideration allocated to remaining performance obligations and an explanation of when those amounts are expected to be recognized as revenue since the duration of the contracts is less than one year.

The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when control of the products is transferred to the customer.

The Company’s Biopharma revenue currently primarily consists of research and development agreements with third parties that provide for up-front and milestone-based payments. The Company also enters into research and development agreements that do not include up-front or milestone-based payments and recognizes revenue on these types of agreements based on the timing of development activities. The Company’s research and development agreements may include more than one performance obligation. At the inception of the agreement, the Company assesses whether each obligation represents a separate performance obligation or whether such obligations should be combined as a single performance obligation. The transaction price for each agreement is determined based on the amount of consideration the Company expects to be entitled to for satisfying all performance obligations within the agreement. The Company assesses the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue. In agreements where the Company satisfies performance obligation(s) over time, the Company recognizes development revenue typically using an input method based on costs incurred relative to the total expected cost which determines the extent of progress toward completion. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the transaction price and progress towards completion. The Company reviews its estimate of the transaction price and progress toward completion based on the best information available to recognize the cumulative progress toward completion as of the end of each reporting period and makes revisions to such estimates as necessary. Also, these research and development agreements may include license payments. The Company recognizes revenue from functional license agreements when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. Functional license has significant standalone functionality because it can be used as is for performing a specific task.

The Company had contract assets of $2.0 million and contract liabilities of $1.1 million as of September 30, 2021. For all periods presented, the Company did not recognize revenue from amounts that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each period. In addition, for all periods presented, there was no revenue recognized in a reporting period from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.

Based on the nature of the Company’s contracts with customers which are recognized over a term of less than 12 months, the Company has elected to use the practical expedient whereby costs to obtain a contract are expensed as they are incurred.

The Company states its revenues net of any taxes collected from customers that are required to be remitted to various government agencies. The amount of taxes collected from customers and payable to governmental entities is included on the balance sheet as part of “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities.”

Refer to Note 14 for the disaggregation of revenues by geography, by product and by industry.

Research and development

Research and development expenses consist of compensation costs, employee benefits, subcontractors, research supplies, allocated facility related expenses and allocated depreciation and amortization. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Advertising costs

Costs related to advertising and promotions are expensed to sales and marketing as incurred. Advertising and promotion expenses for the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, were $2.5 million, $1.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

Government contract payments

The Company has funded research and development arrangements with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and is under a subcontract with the Georgia Institute of Technology funded by the United States Director of Central Intelligence (IARPA). The Company recognizes payments received from these arrangements when milestones are achieved and records them as a reduction of research and development expenses. The total expected cost for the IARPA development project is $6.5 million with IARPA funding $4.5 million and the Company responsible for providing a minimum contribution of $2.0 million, which remains outstanding as of September 30, 2021. In fiscal year 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company received DARPA payments of $1.0 million, $0.2 million, and $0.5 million, respectively. In fiscal year 2021 and 2020, the Company received IARPA payments of $1.1 million, and $2.5 million, respectively. There were no IARPA payments received in fiscal year 2019.

Common stock warrants

Warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock issued in conjunction with debt are recorded as additional paid-in-capital and classified as equity on the consolidated balance sheets. There were no common stock warrants issued during the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Stock-based compensation

The Company maintains performance incentive plans under which incentive and nonqualified stock options and restricted stock units are granted primarily to employees and may be granted to members of the board of directors and certain non-employee consultants, and employees may participate in an employee stock purchase plan.

The Company recognizes stock compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair value-based method, for costs related to all stock-based payments including stock options, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase plan.

The Company recognizes fair value of stock options granted to non-employees as a stock-based compensation expense over the period in which the related services are received. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. The Company believes that the estimated fair value of stock options is more readily measurable than the fair value of the services rendered.

For performance-based stock options, expense is recognized over the period from the grant date to the estimated attainment date, which is the derived service period of the award.

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

The Company calculates its basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders in conformity with the two-class method required for companies with participating securities. In computing diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders, undistributed earnings are re-allocated to reflect the potential impact of dilutive securities. The Company’s basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. For purposes of the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, unvested shares of common stock issued upon the early exercise of stock options, shares issuable for employee stock purchase plan contributions received, warrants to purchase common stock, unvested restricted common stock, unvested restricted stock units and stock options to purchase common stock are considered potentially dilutive securities but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is antidilutive.

Basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase, and excludes any dilutive effects of employee stock-based awards and warrants. Because the Company has reported a net loss for the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, diluted net loss per common share is the same as the basic net loss per share for those years.

Reverse stock split

In October 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved a one-for-0.101 reverse stock split of its common and redeemable convertible preferred stock which was affected on October 16, 2018. The par value of the common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock were not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock split. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retrospectively to reflect this reverse stock split.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax asset and liability accounts are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are currently in effect. Valuation allowances are established where necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

Deferred offering costs

Deferred offering costs, which consist of direct incremental legal, consulting, banking and accounting fees relating to the Company’s initial and subsequent issuance of common stock in public offering, were initially capitalized and subsequently offset against proceeds from the issuance of common stock in public offering within stockholders’ equity. As of September 30, 2021 and 2020, there were no capitalized deferred offering costs on the consolidated balance sheets.

Business combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method.

Under the acquisition method, the purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to the acquired tangible and identifiable intangible assets and assumed liabilities based on their estimated fair values at the time of the acquisition. This allocation involves a number of assumptions, estimates, and judgments that could materially affect the timing or amounts recognized in the Company’s financial statements. As a result, the Company may record adjustments to the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) with the corresponding offset to goodwill. The most subjective areas of the acquisition accounting method include determining the fair value of the following:

●

identifiable intangible assets, including the valuation methodology, estimates of projected revenues, technology obsolescence, and discount rates, as well as the estimated useful life of the intangible assets;

●

contingent consideration; and

●

goodwill, as measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the acquisition date fair value of the assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets, and the liabilities assumed.

The assumptions and estimates are based upon comparable market data and information obtained from the management of the acquired business.

Goodwill is assigned to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination as of the acquisition date.

Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives in a pattern in which the asset is consumed. Acquisition-related costs, including advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other similar costs, are expensed in the periods in which those costs are incurred. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Subtopic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The Company adopted this standard effective October 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for either period presented.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction Between Topic 808 and Topic 606, which, among other things, provides guidance on how to assess whether certain collaborative arrangement transactions should be accounted for under Topic 606. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard effective October 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-18 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for either period presented.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new standard requires entities to use the new “expected credit loss” impairment model for most financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade and other receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, and modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities. The standard is effective for the Company for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The ASU eliminates step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, including for reporting units with a zero or negative carrying amount that fail a qualitative test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. This ASU should be applied on a prospective basis. This ASU should be applied on a prospective basis. This ASU is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this standard effective October 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for either period presented.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the guidance in ASC 740, Income Taxes, related to the approach for allocating income tax expense or benefit for the year to continuing operations, discontinued operations, other comprehensive income, and other charges or credits recorded directly to shareholders’ equity; the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period; and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adoption on its disclosures.

Stock option plan - Reserved For Issuance (Detail) - 2018 ESPP [Member] shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 shares
Disclosure Of Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Line Items]
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	179
Additional shares authorized	250
Shares issued during the period	(74)
Outstanding at September 30, 2021	355

Stock option plan - Additional information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Sep. 01, 2020	Sep. 26, 2018	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of PSUs that may vest based on performance			25.00%
Unrecognized compensation cost, stock options			$ 26,300
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, period for recognition			1 year 7 months 6 days
Increase in stock-based compensation expense			$ 36,998	$ 17,096	$ 11,170
Weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted			$ 42.80	$ 20.76	$ 15.06
Shares subject to right of repurchase			2,741
2018 ESPP [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Minimum annual increase in share reserved for issuance		249,470
Annual automatic Increase in share reserved for issuance (as a percent)		1.00%
Aggregate number of common stock shares reserved for issuance		275,225	355,000	179,000
Percentage of payroll deduction to purchase common stock		15.00%
ESPP eligible employee common stock purchase price ratio		85.00%
2018 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Minimum annual increase in share reserved for issuance		999,900
Annual automatic Increase in share reserved for issuance (as a percent)		4.00%
Weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted			$ 69.03
2018 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock shares may be issued		6,856,405
Unvested restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement equity instruments other than options non vested outstanding grant date fair value			$ 73.86	$ 32.96
Unvested restricted stock units \| 2018 ESPP [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost, stock options			$ 47,500
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, period for recognition			2 years 8 months 12 days
Phantom Share Units (PSUs) [Member] \| 2018 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] \| Maximum \| Executive Officers and Senior Level Employees [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of PSUs that may vest based on performance	150.00%
Phantom Share Units (PSUs) [Member] \| 2018 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] \| Minimum \| Executive Officers and Senior Level Employees [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of PSUs that may vest based on performance	0.00%
Phantom Share Units (PSUs) [Member] \| Revised Annual Equity Award Program [Member] \| Executive Officers and Senior Level Employees [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement instruments other than options expected to vest outstanding			256,665
Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement equity instruments other than options non vested outstanding grant date fair value			$ 45.18
Share based compensation by share based payment arrangement equity instruments other than options unrecognized compensation			$ 5,600
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, period for recognition			1 year
Phantom Share Units (PSUs) [Member] \| Revised Annual Equity Award Program [Member] \| Executive Officers and Senior Level Employees [Member] \| PSU Grants [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Increase in stock-based compensation expense			$ 600

Subsequent events

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Subsequent events

Subsequent events

16.	Subsequent events

Revelar Biotherapeutics, Inc.

On November 1, 2021, the Company contributed certain assets and licensed certain intellectual property rights to the newly formed Revelar Biotherapeutics, Inc. (“Revelar”), an independently operated, new biotechnology company to develop and commercialize an antibody, discovered and optimized by Twist Biopharma, a division of the Company, that neutralizes all known variants of concern of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in preclinical studies. The Company granted a license to Revelar for the exclusive development of an antibody lead along with a series of back up compounds for the potential treatment of SARS-CoV-2. The Company is eligible to receive success-based milestone payments totaling over $100.0 million for the achievement of key development, regulatory and commercial milestones, as well as mid-single digit royalties on any future net sales. The Company’s receipt of such payments, if any, will depend on Revelar’s ability to successfully develop and commercialize compounds, obtain and maintain necessary regulatory approvals, complete clinical site initiation and finalize clinical trial agreements, none of which can be assured. In addition, Revelar may license up to five additional antibody therapeutics over the next four years, each of which will be subject to additional upfront, milestone and royalty payments to the Company. The Company committed to invest up to $10.0 million in seed funding based on Revelar’s progress in the development of the lead antibody and the potential licensing of additional antibody therapeutics, of which the Company has invested $5.0 million in a simple agreement for future equity (“SAFE”) as of the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. In exchange assignment of certain contractual rights and the license to the antibody, and its back-up compounds, the Company received stock of Revelar amounting to an ownership percentage as of the date of these financial statements of 49.80%, excluding shares and options reserved for future stock awards and further excluding shares that Revelar may issue to the Company upon conversion of its SAFEs.

AbX Biologics, Inc. Business Acquisition

On November 19, 2021, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire AbX Biologics, Inc. (“Abveris”), a privately-held company providing in vivo antibody discovery services. Abveris offers animal-based antibody discovery services using its proprietary DiversimAb and DivergimAb mouse models, which the Company can humanize using its antibody optimization solution. In addition, Abveris provides antibody screening for its customers. The purchase consideration payable at the closing consists of up to $140.0 million of the Company’s common stock which is subject to customary adjustments for cash, net working capital, outstanding indebtedness and unpaid transaction expenses, plus approximately $10.0 million in cash consideration. The number of shares will be determined based upon the average closing price of the Company’s common stock, subject to the provisions of the agreement. In addition, the contingent purchase consideration consists of up to $40.0 million of the Company’s common stock contingent on and subject to Abveris achieving a revenue target for the calendar year 2022. The closing is expected to occur on December 1, 2021, subject to satisfaction of specified conditions.

Warrants

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Warrants

Warrants

10.

Warrants

In connection with its long-term debt agreements, the Company issued 18,854 and 7,531 warrants for its common stock on December 22, 2015 and March 28, 2016, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, there were 26,385 warrants outstanding. In October 2020, a total of 18,854 warrants with an exercise price of $14.85 per common share were exercised for a net 16,051 common shares issued by the Company. In November 2020, a total of 7,531 warrants with an exercise price of $21.24 per common share were exercised for a net 6,041 common shares issued by the Company. There are no outstanding warrants for the Company’s common stock as of September 30, 2021.

Income taxes

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Income taxes

Income taxes

9.	Income taxes

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $1.9 million for the year ended September 30, 2021. The Company recorded provisions for income taxes of $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The domestic and foreign components of pre-tax loss for the year ended September 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are as follows:


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021	2020	2019
US	(149,533)	(138,016)	(107,847)
Foreign	(4,495)	(1,533)	470
Total	(154,028)	(139,549)	(107,377)

The components of the provision for income taxes for the year ended September 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are as follows:


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021	2020	2019
Current
Federal	—	—	—
State	(29)	—	108
Foreign	108	382	184
Total Current	79	382	292

Deferred
Federal	(2,268)	—	—
State	259	—	—
Foreign	—	—	—
Total Deferred	(2,009)	—	—

Total Provision	(1,930)	382	292

The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate:


	Year ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020		2019
Tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate	21	%	21	%	21	%
Change in valuation allowance	(33)	%	(25)	%	(22)	%
Research and development credit benefit	3	%	1	%	1	%
Business combination	(2)	%	—		—
Stock-based compensation	12	%	3	%	—
Total income tax expense	1	%	—	%	—	%

The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	163,782	$	112,434
Research and development credit carryforwards		20,163		9,407
Operating lease liability		14,890		7,506
Other		11,631		5,639
Gross deferred tax assets		210,466		134,986
Less: Valuation allowance		(190,428)		(127,336)
Net deferred tax assets		20,038		7,650
Fixed assets		(785)		(105)
Operating lease right-of-use asset		(14,893)		(7,498)
Intangible assets		(4,360)		(47)
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(20,038)		(7,650)
Total net deferred tax asset	$	—	$	—

Based on the available objective evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be fully realizable. Accordingly, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets at September 30, 2021 and 2020. The valuation allowance was $190.4 million and $127.3 million as of September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The change in the valuation allowance was mainly due to an increase in the net operating loss and research and development credits during the fiscal year 2021.

The Company intends to continue maintaining a full valuation allowance on the Company’s deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of the allowance. The release of all, or a portion, of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $664.5 million and $377.1 million available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. The net operating losses will begin to expire in fiscal year 2032.

The Company also had federal and state research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $16.9 million and $12.5 million, respectively, at September 30, 2021. The federal credits will expire starting in 2033 if not utilized. The California research and development credits have no expiration date. Utilization of the net operating losses and tax credits is subject to annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. Such annual limitations may result in the expiration of the net operating losses and tax credits before utilization.

The provisions of ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, prescribe a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, and presentation and disclosure in financial statements of any uncertain tax positions that have been taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. The Company has identified uncertain tax positions related to federal and state research and development credits and foreign jurisdictions.

The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:


	Federal
(in thousands)	and state
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	2,249
Increases related to tax positions taken during 2019		1,042
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	3,291
Increases related to tax positions taken during 2020		1,409
Balance as of September 30, 2020	$	4,700
Increases related to tax positions taken during 2021		2,737
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	7,437

The Company does not expect a material change in unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $0.1 million of unrecognized tax benefit would, if recognized, impact the Company’s effective income tax rate.

It is the Company’s policy to include penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of other expense and interest expense, respectively, as necessary. The Company’s management determined that no accrual for interest and penalties was required as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.

The Company’s files federal and state income tax returns with varying statutes of limitations. All tax years remain open to examination due to the carryover of net operating losses or tax credits. The Company currently has no federal or state tax examinations in progress.

In March and December 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 were passed into law and provide additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company does not expect any significant benefit to its income tax provision as a result of this legislation.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References + Details

Business acquisition - Assets acquired and liabilities assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 14, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Assets acquired
Goodwill		$ 22,434	$ 1,138
iGenomX International Genomics Corporation (iGenomX)
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 7
Accounts receivable	37
Inventories	14
Intangible assets	18,410
Goodwill	21,538
Liabilities assumed
Accounts payable	57
Accrued expenses	44
Deferred tax liability	2,252
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed	37,653
Consideration transferred
Cash	490
Company common stock	26,772
Contingent consideration	5,467
Indemnity holdback	4,924
Fair value of purchase consideration	$ 37,653

Long-term debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Long-term debt

Schedule of Future Maturities of Long Term Debt

Future maturities of the Fourth Loan as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:


(in thousands)	Principal		Interest		Total
Years ending September 30, 2022	$	833	$	9	$	842
	$	833	$	9	$	842
Less: Interest						(9)
Total amount of loan principal						833
Less unamortized debt discount						(4)
Add: accretion of final payment fee						723
					$	1,552

Income taxes - Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Income taxes
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 163,782	$ 112,434
Research and development credit carryforwards	20,163	9,407
Operating lease liability	14,890	7,506
Other	11,631	5,639
Gross deferred tax assets	210,466	134,986
Less: Valuation allowance	(190,428)	(127,336)
Net deferred tax assets	20,038	7,650
Fixed assets	(785)	(105)
Operating lease right-of-use asset	(14,893)	(7,498)
Intangible assets	(4,360)	(47)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	$ (20,038)	$ (7,650)

Balance sheet components - Accrued compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Balance sheet components
Accrued vacation	$ 4,643	$ 3,641
Accrued bonus	8,584	5,747
Accrued commissions	3,330	1,970
Accrued payroll and related taxes	4,676	2,711
Other accrued compensation	1,094	876
Accrued compensation	$ 22,327	$ 14,945

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentration of risk (Detail) - Customer Concentration Risk [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Customer A [Member] \| Sales Revenue, Net [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		12.00%	17.00%
Customer A [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	10.00%	36.00%
Customer B [Member] \| Sales Revenue, Net [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	10.00%	10.00%

Income taxes - Schedule ff unrecognized tax benefits roll forward (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Income taxes
Balance beginning of the year	$ 4,700	$ 3,291	$ 2,249
Increases related to tax positions during the year	2,737	1,409	1,042
Balance end of the year	$ 7,437	$ 4,700	$ 3,291

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders -Anti-dilutive (Detail) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	3,868	4,593	4,177
Shares subject to options to purchase common stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	3,131	3,948	3,551
Unvested restricted shares of common stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount			24
Unvested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	707	569	462
Unvested shares of common stock issued upon early exercise of stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	3	17	38
Shares subject to employee stock purchase plan
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	27	33	76
Shares subject to warrants to purchase common stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount		26	26

Income taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Provision for income taxes	$ (1,930)	$ 382	$ 292
Valuation allowance	$ 190,428	$ 127,336
Expiration year	2033
Impact of unrecognized tax benefits on income tax rate if recognized	$ 100
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Operating loss carry forwards	664,500
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Operating loss carry forwards	377,100
Research Tax Credit Carryforward [Member] \| Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Tax credit carry forwards	16,900
Research Tax Credit Carryforward [Member] \| State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Tax credit carry forwards	$ 12,500

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Fair value measurement

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Fair value measurement

Fair value measurement

3.	Fair value measurement

The Company assesses the fair value of financial instruments based on the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements. ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs

and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considering counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

The following table sets forth the cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of September 30, 2021:


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized
(in thousands)	cost		gains		losses		Fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	465,829	$	—	$	—	$	465,829
Short-term investments		12,033		1		—		12,034
Total	$	477,862	$	1	$	—	$	477,863

The following table sets forth the cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of September 30, 2020:


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized
(in thousands)	cost		gains		losses		Fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	93,667	$	—	$	—	$	93,667
Short-term investments		196,320		15		—		196,335
Total	$	289,987	$	15	$	—	$	290,002

As of September 30, 2021, financial assets and liabilities measured and recognized at fair value are as follows:


(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair value
Assets
Money market funds	$	430,438	$	—	$	—	$	430,438
U.S. government treasury bills		12,034		—		—		12,034
Total financial assets	$	442,472	$	—	$	—	$	442,472

Liabilities
Contingent consideration and indemnity holdback	$	—	$	9,856	$	—	$	9,856
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	9,856	$	—	$	9,856

As of September 30, 2020, financial assets and liabilities measured and recognized at fair value are as follows:


(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair value
Assets
Money market funds	$	73,413	$	—	$	—	$	73,413
Commercial paper		—		94,840		—		94,840
U.S. government treasury bills		101,495		—		—		101,495
Total financial assets	$	174,908	$	94,840	$	—	$	269,748

Contractual maturities of short-term investments, as of September 30, 2021, were less than 12 months.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Common stock, par value	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, share authorized	100,000	100,000
Common stock, share issued	49,499	45,083
Common stock, share outstanding	49,499	45,083

Geographic, product and industry information - Geographic Region (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 132,333	$ 90,100	$ 54,385
Americas
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	77,909	59,164	36,932
EMEA
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	44,124	25,821	14,692
APAC
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 10,300	$ 5,115	$ 2,761

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation and use of estimates

Risks and uncertainties

Concentration of credit risk

Customer concentration

Cash and cash equivalents

Short-term investments

Accounts receivable

The Company re-evaluates such allowance on a regular basis and adjusts its allowance as needed. Once a receivable is deemed to be uncollectible, such balance is charged against the allowance.

Fair value of financial instruments

Inventories

Property and equipment


Laboratory equipment		5 Years
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment		5 Years
Computer equipment		3 Years
Computer software		3 Years
Leasehold improvements		Lesser of useful life or facilities’ lease term.

Capitalized software development costs

Long-lived assets

Leases

Additional information and disclosures required by Topic 842 are contained in Note 7.

Goodwill and indefinite intangible assets

Segment information

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when control of the products is transferred to the customer.

Refer to Note 14 for the disaggregation of revenues by geography, by product and by industry.

Research and development

Advertising costs

Government contract payments

Common stock warrants

Stock-based compensation

For performance-based stock options, expense is recognized over the period from the grant date to the estimated attainment date, which is the derived service period of the award.

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

Reverse stock split

Income taxes

Deferred offering costs

Business combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method.

●

contingent consideration; and

●

The assumptions and estimates are based upon comparable market data and information obtained from the management of the acquired business.

Goodwill is assigned to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination as of the acquisition date.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Geographic, product and industry information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Geographic, product and industry information

Summary of Revenue by Geographic Region

The table below sets forth revenues by geographic region, based on ship-to destinations. Americas consists of the United States of America, Canada, Mexico and South America; EMEA consists of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa; and APAC consists of Japan, China, South Korea, India, Singapore, Malaysia and Australia.


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Americas	$	77,909	$	59,164	$	36,932
EMEA		44,124		25,821		14,692
APAC		10,300		5,115		2,761
Total	$	132,333	$	90,100	$	54,385

Summary of Revenue by Product

The table below sets forth revenues by products.


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Synthetic genes	$	38,964	$	35,192	$	26,712
Oligo pools		8,039		4,545		4,594
DNA and Biopharma libraries		12,663		6,348		2,036
NGS tools		72,667		44,015		21,043
Total	$	132,333	$	90,100	$	54,385

Summary of Revenue by Industry

The table below sets forth revenues by industry.


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Industrial chemicals/materials	$	34,475	$	29,054	$	21,927
Academic research		25,299		19,642		13,835
Healthcare		71,241		40,036		17,424
Food/agriculture		1,318		1,368		1,199
Total revenues	$	132,333	$	90,100	$	54,385

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Changes in carrying value of goodwill		$ 0.0
Increase in goodwill	$ 21.3
Increase in intangible assets	18.4
Maximum
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense related to intangible assets	$ 0.5	$ 0.2	$ 0.2

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - Computation (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (152,098)	$ (139,931)	$ (107,669)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted (in shares)	48,251	39,190	27,462
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (3.15)	$ (3.57)	$ (3.92)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

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+ Details

Balance sheet components - Accrued expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Balance sheet components
Professional services fees payable	$ 5,057	$ 2,444
Other accrued expenses	1,380	1,457
Accrued expenses	$ 6,437	$ 3,901

Balance sheet components - Other current liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Balance sheet components
Contingent consideration	$ 5,186
Income and sales taxes payable	2,440	$ 719
Other current liabilities	1,997	1,892
Other current liabilities	$ 9,623	$ 2,611

Commitments and contingencies

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

7.	Commitments and contingencies

Litigation

On February 3, 2016, Agilent filed a lawsuit against the Company and its Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Emily Leproust (the “Complaint”), in the Superior Court of California, Santa Clara County, or the Court. The Complaint also named Does 1 through 20, which are fictitious placeholder defendants. Agilent’s complaint alleged three claims against Twist and Dr. Leproust: (1) alleged breach of contract, related to the use of confidential information and alleged breach of non-solicitation obligations against Dr. Leproust; (2) alleged breach of a duty of loyalty against Dr. Leproust; and (3) alleged misappropriation of trade secrets under the California Uniform Trade Secrets Act, or CUTSA, against all defendants.

On December 7, 2018, the Court granted Agilent’s motion to amend its complaint, permitting Agilent to file its Second Amended Complaint. This new complaint added amended allegations against the Company and Dr. Leproust, and also new claims for breach of contract and trade secret misappropriation against two individuals: Dr. Siyuan Chen, a current Company employee and Solange Glaize, a former Company employee. The Court also set trial to begin on February 24, 2020.

On February 6, 2020, the Company, Dr. Leproust, Dr. Chen, Ms. Glaize (together, the Twist Group) and Agilent agreed to the terms of a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) pursuant to which the Twist Group and Agilent each agreed to request dismissal of all claims against each other. The Settlement Agreement resolves the litigation initially commenced by the Complaint and contains no admission of liability or wrongdoing. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Agilent $22.5 million in cash within 14 days of the Settlement Agreement. This amount has been accrued in the consolidated financial statements in the three months ended December 31, 2019. In addition, the Twist Group and Agilent each agreed to release the other party from all known and unknown claims related to the claims and counterclaims alleged or that could have been alleged in such litigation or that arise from the facts and events that gave rise to such litigation. Further, Agilent agreed to grant the Company a limited non-exclusive license to use the trade secrets asserted by Agilent in the litigation, which extends to the Company’s supply chain, including its customers, suppliers, distributors and resellers. Agilent also agreed not to sue the Company for the infringement of any Agilent patent issued or pending as of the date of the Settlement Agreement or claim priority thereto, solely to the extent such patents claim a trade secret alleged in the litigation. There is no other covenant or release of claims for patent infringement.

The Court dismissed the case on February 14, 2020.

Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements that may include indemnification provisions. Pursuant to such agreements, the Company may indemnify, hold harmless and defend the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. Some of the provisions will limit losses to those arising from third-party actions. In some cases, the indemnification will continue after the termination of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these provisions is not determinable. To date, the Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions. The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require it to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers to the fullest extent permitted by corporate law. The Company also has directors’ and officers’ insurance.

Leases

The Company leases certain of its facilities under non-cancellable operating leases expiring at various dates through 2034. The Company is also responsible for utilities, maintenance, insurance, and property taxes under these leases.

Certain leases include options to renew or terminate at the Company’s discretion. The lease terms include periods covered by these options if it is reasonably certain the Company will renew or not terminate. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating lease as of September 30, 2021, was the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use-asset	$	61,580
Current liabilities:
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	8,213
Noncurrent liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	$	53,156

Future minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:


	Operating
(in thousands)	leases
Years ending September 30:
2022	$	8,986
2023		10,595
2024		10,333
2025		10,489
2026		9,083
Thereafter		84,753
Total minimum lease payments	$	134,239

Less: imputed interest		(55,242)
Less: tenant improvement allowance (receipt anticipated in 2022)		(17,628)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	61,369
Less: current portion		(8,213)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	$	53,156

For the year ending September 30, 2022, future minimum lease payments are comprised of the anticipated receipt of tenant improvement allowances totaling $17.6 million anticipated to be received in 2022, partially offset by non-cancelable operating lease payments of $9.0 million. The statement of cash flows for the year ended September 30, 2021, include changes in right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of $27.9 million and $30.1 million, respectively. For the year ended September 30, 2020, changes in right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities were $2.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively.

Operating lease expense was $9.5 million and $7.9 million for the year ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 respectively. Cash payments for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities for the year ended September 30, 2021 were $8.0 million. As of September 30, 2021, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 17.3 years and the weighted-average discount rate was 6.4%.

In December 2020, the Company entered into a 12-year operating lease for an approximately 111,000 square-foot facility in Wilsonville, Oregon to further expand the Company operations. Upon execution of the lease agreement, the Company provided the landlord an approximately $1.0 million security deposit in the form of a letter of credit. Subject to certain conditions pursuant to the lease, the Company expects monthly rent payments on the new facility to commence in the first quarter of 2022. The Company will pay an initial annual base rent of approximately $1.7 million, which is subject to scheduled 3% annual increases, plus certain operating expenses. The Company has been provided a tenant improvement allowance of $13.3 million. The Company has the right to sublease the facility, subject to landlord consent. The Company also has the option to extend the lease for two terms of five years. The lease commenced on April 15, 2021. The future minimum lease payments under the agreement are $27.9 million.

On April 13, 2021, the Company entered into a first amendment (the “First Lease Amendment”), which amends the terms of the Wilsonville, Oregon lease agreement dated December 18, 2020. The First Lease Amendment increases the premises originally leased within the same building by approximately 101,000 square feet (the “Additional Premises”). The Company intends to use the Additional Premises to support its additional product offerings, including DNA data storage, or other high value growth product lines. The First Lease Amendment also extends the termination date until April 1, 2034 and modifies the Company’s option to extend the term to an additional 10-year term for the Premises. Additional rent under the First Lease Amendment for the Additional Premises commences April 1, 2022 with approximately $1.2 million in rent payments due the first year and approximately $17.6 million in aggregate estimated rent payments due over the total initial term of the First Lease Amendment. In addition, the First Lease Amendment increases the base rental payments relating to the Original Premises by 3% for the period in which the First Lease Amendment extends the term of the original premises. The Company is obligated to pay approximately 26% of the operating expenses and utilities applicable to the Additional Premises. The Landlord will provide the Company with a tenant improvement allowance in connection with the Company’s improvements to the Additional Premises of approximately $4.3 million.

On April 14, 2021, the Company entered into a 5-year operating lease for a 15,500-square-feet warehouse in Brisbane, California to further expand the Company operations. Upon execution of the lease agreement, the Company provided the landlord an approximately $0.2 million security deposit. The Company will pay an initial annual base rent of approximately $0.3 million, which is subject to scheduled 3% annual increases, plus certain operating expenses. The Company has the right to sublease the facility, subject to landlord consent. The total future minimum lease payments under the agreement are $2.2 million.

On July 28, 2021, the Company entered into a 7-year operating lease for approximately 21,000 square-feet of office space located in South San Francisco, California, to further expand the Company operations. Upon execution of the lease agreement, the Company provided the landlord an approximately $0.2 million security deposit. The Company will pay an initial annual base rent of approximately $1.7 million, which is subject to scheduled 3% annual increases, plus certain operating expenses. The Company has the right to sublease the facility, subject to landlord consent. The lease had not commenced as of September 30, 2021 as the landlord has not vacated the office space. The total future minimum lease payments under the agreement are $13.1 million.

Long-term debt - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020
Exercise Price Of Warrants				$ 21.24	$ 14.85
Debt instrument description of interest rate			interest rate of prime plus 3.0%
Line of credit facility maintenance fees	$ 100
Revolving Credit Facility \| SVB
Proceeds from long term line of credit			$ 10,000
Line of credit facility non current portion outstanding	$ 0					$ 0
Long term debt instrument effective rate of interest at a point in time	11.60%
Floating Interest Rate \| Revolving Credit Facility \| SVB
Debt instrument variable interest rate spread			1.00%
Fourth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement \| SVB
Debt instrument principal amount			$ 20,000
Debt instrument term			51 months
Debt Instrument, Fee Amount			$ 700
Tranche One \| Fourth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement \| SVB
Debt instrument principal amount			$ 10,000
Warrants To Purchase Common Stock			64,127
Exercise Price Of Warrants			$ 6.24
Proceeds from long term debt			$ 10,000
Tranche Two \| Fourth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement \| SVB
Debt instrument principal amount			5,000
Debt Instrument Maturity		Jan. 31, 2018
Tranche Three \| Fourth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement \| SVB
Debt instrument principal amount			5,000
Debt Instrument Maturity		Jun. 30, 2018
Prior Loan Refinance \| Tranche One \| Fourth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement \| SVB
Proceeds from long term debt			7,800
New Advance \| Tranche One \| Fourth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement \| SVB
Proceeds from long term debt			$ 2,200

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

Computation of the Company's Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(152,098)	$	(139,931)	$	(107,669)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted		48,251		39,190		27,462
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(3.15)	$	(3.57)	$	(3.92)

Summary of Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021	2020	2019
Shares subject to options to purchase common stock	3,131	3,948	3,551
Unvested restricted shares of common stock	—	—	24
Unvested restricted stock units	707	569	462
Unvested shares of common stock issued upon early exercise of stock options	3	17	38
Shares subject to employee stock purchase plan	27	33	76
Shares subject to warrants to purchase common stock	—	26	26
Total	3,868	4,593	4,177

Goodwill and intangible assets

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill and intangible assets

5.	Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill and intangible assets increased from prior year by $21.3 million and $18.4 million, respectively, as a result of a business acquisition. See Note 15, “Business acquisition”. There were no changes to the carrying value of goodwill during the year ended September 30, 2020. Total amortization expense related to intangible assets were $0.5 million for the year ended September 30, 2021 and $0.2 million for each of the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

The intangible assets balances are presented below:


	September 30, 2021
	Weighted average	Gross
	Amortization period	carrying		Accumulated		Net book
(in thousands, except for years)	in years	amount		amortization		value
Developed Technology	16	$	19,120	$	(1,361)	$	17,759
Tradenames & Trademarks	2		20		(20)		—
Customer Relationships	1.5		510		(7)		503
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets		$	19,650	$	(1,388)	$	18,262


	September 30, 2020
	Weighted average	Gross
	Amortization period	carrying		Accumulated		Net book
(in thousands, except for years)	in years	amount		amortization		value
Developed Technology	6	$	1,220	$	(913)	$	307
Tradenames & Trademarks	2		20		(20)		—
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets		$	1,240	$	(933)	$	307

Future annual amortization expense is as follows (in thousands):


Years ending September 30,
2022	$	1,593
2023		1,138
2024		1,053
2025		1,053
2026		1,053
Thereafter		12,372
	$	18,262

Business acquisition - Pro forma financial results (Details) - iGenomX International Genomics Corporation (iGenomX) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 132,599	$ 90,650
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (153,007)	$ (141,054)

The company - (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	104 Months Ended
The company - (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Accumulated deficit	$ (610,553)	$ (458,455)
Subsequent Public Offering [Member]
Proceeds from the issuance of equity securities	1,063,900
Proceeds from issuance of debt	$ 13,800

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule Of Estimated Lives of Property And Equipment (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	3 years
Laboratory equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	3 years
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	3 years
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	Lesser of useful life or facilities’ lease term.

Commitments and contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Commitments and contingencies

Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Relating to Companies Operating Lease

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating lease as of September 30, 2021, was the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use-asset	$	61,580
Current liabilities:
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	8,213
Noncurrent liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	$	53,156

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases

Future minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:


	Operating
(in thousands)	leases
Years ending September 30:
2022	$	8,986
2023		10,595
2024		10,333
2025		10,489
2026		9,083
Thereafter		84,753
Total minimum lease payments	$	134,239

Less: imputed interest		(55,242)
Less: tenant improvement allowance (receipt anticipated in 2022)		(17,628)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	61,369
Less: current portion		(8,213)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	$	53,156

Long-term debt - Schedule Of Maturities Of Long Term Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Long-term debt
Years ending September 30, 2022	$ 833
Total amount of loan principal	833
Years ending September 30, 2022	9
Interest Payable On Long Term Debt	9
Years ending September 30, 2022	842
Total amount of principal and interest	842
Less: Interest	(9)
Less unamortized debt discount	(4)
Add: accretion of final payment fee	723
Long-term Debt, Current Maturities	$ 1,552	$ 3,333

Income taxes - Provision for income taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Current
State	$ (29)		$ 108
Foreign	108	$ 382	184
Total Current	79	382	292
Deferred
Federal	(2,268)
State	259
Total Deferred	(2,009)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ (1,930)	$ 382	$ 292

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Geographic, product and industry information

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Geographic, product and industry information

Geographic, product and industry information

14.	Geographic, product and industry information


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Americas	$	77,909	$	59,164	$	36,932
EMEA		44,124		25,821		14,692
APAC		10,300		5,115		2,761
Total	$	132,333	$	90,100	$	54,385

The table below sets forth revenues by products.


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Synthetic genes	$	38,964	$	35,192	$	26,712
Oligo pools		8,039		4,545		4,594
DNA and Biopharma libraries		12,663		6,348		2,036
NGS tools		72,667		44,015		21,043
Total	$	132,333	$	90,100	$	54,385

The table below sets forth revenues by industry.


	Year ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Industrial chemicals/materials	$	34,475	$	29,054	$	21,927
Academic research		25,299		19,642		13,835
Healthcare		71,241		40,036		17,424
Food/agriculture		1,318		1,368		1,199
Total revenues	$	132,333	$	90,100	$	54,385

Long-lived assets located in the United States are $40.6 million and $22.5 million as of September 30, 2021 and 2020. Long-lived assets located outside of the United States were $3.5 million and $3.0 million as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Business acquisition (Details) - iGenomX International Genomics Corporation (iGenomX) $ in Thousands	Jun. 14, 2021 USD ($) shares
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred	$ 27,300
Cash consideration	$ 490
Shares of the company's common stock \| shares	237,409
Company common stock	$ 26,772
Contingent consideration	5,500
Indemnity holdback consideration	4,924
Fair value of purchase consideration	$ 37,653
Contingent consideration (in Shares) \| shares	48,478
Indemnity holdback consideration (in Shares) \| shares	43,662
Minimum
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration payable period	6 months
Maximum
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration payable period	12 months

Income taxes - Components of pre-tax loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Components of pre-tax loss
US	$ (149,533)	$ (138,016)	$ (107,847)
Foreign	(4,495)	(1,533)	470
Loss before income taxes	$ (154,028)	$ (139,549)	$ (107,377)

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

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+ Details

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 465,829	$ 93,667
Short-term investments	12,034	196,335
Accounts receivable, net	28,549	26,376
Inventories	31,800	12,289
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	8,283	6,203
Total current assets	546,495	334,870
Property and equipment, net	44,122	25,466
Operating lease right-of-use assets	61,580	33,699
Goodwill	22,434	1,138
Intangible assets, net	18,262	307
Restricted cash, non-current	1,530	579
Other non-current assets	7,674	2,823
Total assets	702,097	398,882
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	14,900	4,830
Accrued expenses	6,437	3,901
Accrued compensation	22,327	14,945
Current portion of operating lease liability	8,213	6,409
Current portion of long-term debt	1,552	3,333
Other current liabilities	9,623	2,611
Total current liabilities	63,052	36,029
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	53,156	24,837
Long-term debt, net of current portion		1,403
Other non-current liabilities	5,068	351
Total liabilities	121,276	62,620
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.00001 par value-100,000 and 100,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively; 49,499 and 45,083 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively
Additional paid-in capital	1,190,828	794,630
Accumulated other comprehensive income	546	87
Accumulated deficit	(610,553)	(458,455)
Total stockholders' equity	580,821	336,262
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 702,097	$ 398,882

Commitments and contingencies - Lease Contracts (Detail) $ in Thousands					1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 28, 2021 USD ($) ft²	Apr. 14, 2021 USD ($) ft²	Apr. 13, 2021 USD ($) ft²	Feb. 06, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) ft² item	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Operating lease expense						$ 9,500	$ 7,900
Operating lease payment						$ 8,000
Lease weighted-average remaining lease term						17 years 3 months 18 days
Lease weighted average discount rate						6.40%
Anticipated receipt of the tenant incentive						$ 17,628
Change in right-of-use asset						27,900	2,100
Change in operating lease liabilities.						30,100	$ 3,100
Non-cancelable operating lease payments in 2022						8,986
Future minimum payments						134,239
First Lease Amendment [Member]
Operating lease area \| ft²			101,000
Initial annual base rent			$ 1,200
Extension of lease term			10 years
Future minimum payments			$ 17,600			17,600
Percentage of increases base rental payments relating to original premises			3.00%
Percentage of obligated to payment of operating expenses			26.00%
Tenant improvement allowance connection with improvements to additional premises			$ 4,300
Agilent [Member]
Litigation settlement amount				$ 22,500
Number of days from the settlement agreement pursuant to which litigation claims are to be settled				14 days
Wilsonville Oregon [Member]
Operating lease area \| ft²					111,000
Operating lease term					12 years
Operating lease security deposit with the lessor					$ 1,000
Initial annual base rent					$ 1,700
Operating lease base rent annual percentage increase					3.00%
Tenant improvement allowance from lessor					$ 13,300
Number of extensions \| item					2
Extension of lease term					5 years
Future minimum payments						$ 27,900
Brisbane California [Member]
Operating lease area \| ft²		15,500
Operating lease term		5 years
Security deposit		$ 200
Initial annual base rent		$ 300
Operating lease base rent annual percentage increase		3.00%
Future minimum payments		$ 2,200
South San Francisco, California [Member]
Operating lease area \| ft²	21,000
Operating lease term	7 years
Security deposit	$ 200
Initial annual base rent	$ 1,700
Operating lease base rent annual percentage increase	3.00%
Future minimum payments	$ 13,100

Balance sheet components (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Balance sheet components

Schedule Of Accounts Notes Loans And Financing Receivable

The Company’s accounts receivable, net balance consists of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Trade Receivables	$	26,549	$	25,790
Other Receivables		2,337		951
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts		(337)		(365)
Accounts Receivable, net	$	28,549	$	26,376

Summary of inventories

Inventories consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Raw Materials	$	18,778	$	9,237
Work-in-process		4,837		2,021
Finished Goods		8,185		1,031
	$	31,800	$	12,289

Schedule Of Property Plant And Equipment

Property and Equipment, net consists of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Laboratory equipment	$	48,439	$	37,338
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment		2,195		1,728
Computer equipment		2,977		2,834
Computer software		3,899		3,678
Leasehold improvements		5,066		4,669
Construction in progress		16,968		4,697
		79,544		54,944
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(35,422)		(29,478)
	$	44,122	$	25,466

Schedule of other non-current assets

The other non-current assets consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Convertible note receivable	$	3,021	$	—
Other non-current assets		4,653		2,823
	$	7,674	$	2,823

Schedule of accrued expenses

The accrued expenses consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Professional services fees payable	$	5,057	$	2,444
Other accrued expenses		1,380		1,457
	$	6,437	$	3,901

Schedule of accrued compensation

The accrued compensation consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Accrued vacation	$	4,643	$	3,641
Accrued bonus		8,584		5,747
Accrued commissions		3,330		1,970
Accrued payroll and related taxes		4,676		2,711
Other accrued compensation		1,094		876
	$	22,327	$	14,945

Schedule of other current liabilities

The other current liabilities consist of the following:


	September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Contingent consideration	$	5,186	$	—
Income and sales taxes payable		2,440		719
Other current liabilities		1,997		1,892
	$	9,623	$	2,611

The company

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

The company

The company

1.	The company

Twist Bioscience Corporation (the Company) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on February 4, 2013. The Company is a synthetic biology company that has developed a disruptive DNA synthesis platform. DNA is used in many applications across different industries: industrial chemicals/materials, academic, healthcare and food/agriculture.

The core of the Company’s platform is a proprietary technology that pioneers a new method of manufacturing synthetic DNA by “writing” DNA on a silicon chip. The Company has combined this technology with proprietary software, scalable commercial infrastructure and an e-commerce platform to create an integrated technology platform that enables the Company to achieve high levels of quality, precision, automation, and manufacturing throughput at a significantly lower cost than its competitors. The Company is leveraging its unique technology to manufacture a broad range of synthetic DNA-based products, including synthetic genes, tools for next generation sample preparation, and antibody libraries for drug discovery and development.

The Company has a limited operating history and its prospects are subject to risks, expenses and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in this industry. These risks include, but are not limited to, the uncertainty of availability of additional financing, market acceptance of its products, the ability to retain and attract new customers, and the uncertainty of achieving future profitability.

The Company has generated net losses in all periods since inception. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $610.6 million and has not generated positive cash flows from operations since inception. Losses are expected to continue as the Company continues to invest in product development, manufacturing, and sales and marketing.

Since its inception, the Company has received an aggregate of $1,063.9 million in net proceeds from the issuance of equity securities and an aggregate of $13.8 million from debt. Management believes that these proceeds combined with existing cash balances on hand will be sufficient to fund operations for at least one year from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. However, if the Company needs to obtain additional financing to fund operations beyond this period, there can be no assurance that it will be successful in raising additional financing on terms which are acceptable to the Company.

Balance sheet components - Receivable (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Balance sheet components
Trade Receivables	$ 26,549	$ 25,790
Other Receivables	2,337	951
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	(337)	(365)
Accounts Receivable, net	$ 28,549	$ 26,376